日糧豆粕濃度對PRRS攻毒斷奶仔豬生長和免疫指標(biāo)的影響

畜牧編輯

　　2015. J. Anim. Sci. 93(6): 2987-2997

　　日糧豆粕濃度對PRRS攻毒斷奶仔豬生長和免疫指標(biāo)的影響

　　S. J. Rochell, L. S. Alexander, G. C. Rocha, W. G. Van Alstine, R. D. Boyd, J. E. Pettigrew和R. N. Dilger

　　試驗(yàn)研究了日糧中豆粕的濃度對感染了豬繁殖與呼吸綜合癥病毒仔豬生長和免疫性能的影響。試驗(yàn)為2×2雙因子試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)，包括2個(gè)豆粕含量（低豆粕組和高豆粕組，豆粕含量為17.5%和29%），以及攻毒或未攻毒PRRS組。試驗(yàn)共計(jì)64頭斷奶仔豬（21日齡，7.14±0.54kg），單欄飼養(yǎng)在疾病控制室。斷奶后一周內(nèi)飼喂普通日糧，再根據(jù)性別和體重隨機(jī)分為4個(gè)處理組，每組16頭仔豬（重復(fù)）。在飼喂試驗(yàn)日糧1周后（35日齡），攻毒組注射1×105 50%的PRRS組織培養(yǎng)液，對照組注射無菌磷酸鹽緩沖液。每周記錄豬只體重和采食量，攻毒后開始每天記錄直腸溫度。攻毒第0、3、7、14天采集血液樣品，測定血清中PRRS病毒量、全血細(xì)胞數(shù)量、以及結(jié)合珠蛋白和細(xì)胞介素含量。PRRSV攻毒提高了豬只直腸溫度（P＜0.01），豆粕添加量對直腸溫度無影響。PRRSV攻毒豬只在攻毒后14天內(nèi)采食量和增重耗料比均有顯著降低（P＜0.01）。在PRRSV攻毒組中，飼喂高豆粕日糧豬只有提高采食量的趨勢（P=0.06），而未攻毒組中，豆粕含量對豬生長性能無影響。攻毒后第14天，與低豆粕組相比，飼喂高豆粕日糧的攻毒豬只血清PRRS病毒量更少（P＜0.05）、紅細(xì)胞壓積更高（P=0.02）、結(jié)合珠蛋白含量有提高的趨勢（P=0.09）。與低豆粕組豬只相比，高豆粕組豬只血清珠蛋白在PRRSV攻毒后第3天有顯著降低（P＜0.05），腫瘤壞死因子-α濃度在PRRSV攻毒后第14天有顯著降低（P＜0.05）。總之，提高日糧豆粕含量調(diào)節(jié)了PRRSV攻毒豬只的免疫反應(yīng)，并有改善生長性能的趨勢。

　　Effects of dietary soybean meal concentration on growth and immune response of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus1

　　S. J. Rochell, L. S. Alexander, G. C. Rocha, W. G. Van Alstine, R. D. Boyd, J. E. Pettigrew and R. N. Dilger

　　An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) concentration on the growth performance and immune response of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Four experimental treatments included a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 dietary SBM concentrations, 17.5% (LSBM) or 29% (HSBM), and 2 levels of PRRSV infection, uninfected sham or PRRSV infected. Sixty-four weanling pigs of split sex (21 d of age, 7.14 ± 0.54 kg) were individually housed in disease containment chambers. Pigs were provided a common diet for 1 wk postweaning before being equalized for BW and sex and allotted to 4 treatment groups with 16 replicate pigs per group. Pigs were fed experimental diets for 1 wk before receiving either a sham inoculation (sterile PBS) or a 1 × 105 50% tissue culture infective dose of PRRSV at 35 d of age (0 d postinoculation, DPI). Pig BW and feed intake were recorded weekly, and rectal temperatures were measured daily beginning on 0 DPI. Blood was collected on 0, 3, 7, and 14 DPI for determination of serum PRRSV load, differential complete blood cell counts, and haptoglobin and cytokine concentrations. Infection with PRRSV increased (P < 0.01) rectal temperatures of pigs throughout the infection period, with no influence of dietary SBM concentration. Pigs in the PRRSV-infected group had lower (P < 0.01) ADFI and G:F from 0 to 14 DPI compared with uninfected pigs. In the PRRSV-infected group, pigs fed HSBM tended to have improved ADG (P = 0.06) compared with pigs fed LSBM, whereas there was no influence of SBM concentration on growth of pigs in the uninfected group. At 14 DPI, PRRSV-infected pigs fed HSBM had a lower serum PRRSV load (P < 0.05), a higher (P = 0.02) hematocrit value, and a tendency for greater hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.09) compared with pigs fed LSBM. Serum haptoglobin and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations of PRRSV-infected pigs were lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed HSBM at 3 and 14 DPI, respectively, than in pigs fed LSBM. Overall, increasing the dietary SBM concentration modulated the immune response and tended to improve the growth of nursery pigs during a PRRSV infection.
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