使用本品必須先做皮內試驗。青霉素過敏試驗包括皮膚試驗方法(簡稱青霉素皮試)及體外試驗方法,其中以皮內注射較準確。皮試本身也有一定的危險性,約有25%的過敏性休克死亡的病人死于皮試。所以皮試或注射給藥時都應作好充分的搶救準備。在換用不同批號青霉素時,也需重作皮試。注射液、皮試液均不穩定,以新鮮配制為佳。而且對于自腎排泄,腎功能不良者,劑量應適當調整。此外,局部應用致敏機會多,且細菌易產生抗藥性,故不提倡。
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【英文簡述】 Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN) refers to a group of beta-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. The name “penicillin” can also be used in reference to a specific member of the penicillin group Penam Skeleton, which has the molecular formula R-C9H11N2O4S, where R is a variable side chain.
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【分類】 按其特點可分為 :